BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
type: channel
description: BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine(BIJGIM) is a peer reviewed open-access journal dedicated to fostering innovation and advancing knowledge in the field of General and Internal Medicine. Our journal aims to provide a forum for researchers, clinicians, and professionals to share their insights, discoveries, and advancements in various topics of General and Internal Medicine. Authors are solicited to contribute to the journal by submitting articles that illustrate high-quality research and contributes to the understanding, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases.
language: en
publication name: BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
items: Effectiveness of a novel strength training protocol to reducepain and improve functional activity among young badmintonplayers with Osgood-Schlatter disease - a case series
items: Awareness, knowledge, risk perception, and attitude of Mpox infection among community members in Sierra Leone
items: Amoebic dysentery: challenges and influencing factors
items: A rare case of hematohidrosis, hemolacria and epistaxisin an 11-year-old girl
items: Assessment of behavioral and social drivers influencingcommunity awareness, knowledge, perception, and attitudestoward human papillomavirus vaccination in Sierra Leone
items: A comprehensive review on the impacts of mobile healthand its interventions in improving public health
items: Assessment of health communication strategies in promotingimmunisation uptake among women of a local communityin Nigeria
items: Mechanochemistry’s Role in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Development: A Review
items: Peter’s Anomaly Type 2 with Cataract
items: Fetus in Feto: A Case Study with Explanation
items: A Case of Covaxin-Induced Focal Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis (Collapsing Variety)
items: Copeptin: A Novel Marker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Various Diseases Associated With Diabetes
items: A Review of Childhood Ocular, Orbital, and Surface Tumors With Updated Clinical Management
items: The Drastic Consequence of COVID-19 Among the Population of Iran
items: Joints in Scleroderma: Hydroxyapatite Disease
items: The Impact of Age on Activity Index and Patient Reported Outcomes in Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome
items: The Study of Clinical Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients
items: The impact of healthcare service quality dimensions on patient satisfaction: a case study of Ganta United Methodist Hospital, Liberia
items: Current Concepts in the Pathogenesis and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
items: Characterization and maintenance of hospital equipment: a case study on the institute of molecular medicine João Lobo Antunes
items: Designing of automated paralysis patient healthcare system
items: Evaluation of factors influencing physician–patient communication in healthcare service delivery
items: Effectiveness of retro walking on knee proprioception after knee injury
items: Knowledge, attitude, and practices of high-blood-pressure patients attended at Mutare city clinics in Manicaland province in 2022–2023
items: Mental health of Indian young adults during COVID-19
items: A rare case report on Hurler syndrome with umbilical hernia
items: Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum associated with popliteal pterygium syndrome: A case report

Effectiveness of a novel strength training protocol to reducepain and improve functional activity among young badmintonplayers with Osgood-Schlatter disease - a case series
type: item
description: Background: Osgood-Schlatter disease (OSD) is also known as osteochondrosis or sterile necrosis of the tibial tuberosity. It is mainly caused by tractional inflammation of the bone where the patellar tendon was inserted in the tibial tubercle. It is mainly found in adolescent players aged between 12 and 15 who are exposed to sports that involve repeated jumping, running, rapid changes in direction, and kicking movements. It is a self-limiting condition; the healing period of bradytrophic tissue of a growth plate under traction can last up to 1–2 years. Conservative treatments for OSD are icing, bracing, stretching, strengthening, and activity modification. Methods: From June 2024 to December 2024, all patients presenting at the badminton academy with OSD were included. Out of 20 patients, 6 Osgood-Schlatter patients were identified. Patients’ ages range from 12 to 15, and they are mainly amateur badminton players. All reported pain and swelling in the tibial tubercle, pain during sports performance and stair climbing, and an X-ray that shows OSD. A visual analogue scale (VAS) was used to assess pain during functional movement of badminton, mainly during squats, lunges, and jumping activities. Results: The VAS score is analysed before intervention in the 1st week and after 5 weeks; post data were taken. During squatting and lunges on the affected side and jumping activity, VAS was measured. The result shows there is a significant reduction in all functional activities after 5 weeks of intervention. Conclusion: 5 weeks of physical intervention and education helped to reduce pain in squats, lunges, and jumping activity in badminton players with OSD.
subject: CASE SERIES
  topic: section
subject: Osgood-Schlatter disease
  topic: keywords
subject: badminton
  topic: keywords
subject: strength training
  topic: keywords
subject: pain management
  topic: keywords
subject: young player
  topic: keywords
creator: Charuhasini Mahapatra Mahapatra
creator: Abhishek Abhinandan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
starting page: 47
ending page: 51
doi: 10.54646/bijgim.2025.30

Awareness, knowledge, risk perception, and attitude of Mpox infection among community members in Sierra Leone
type: item
description: Background: Community awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward health-related concerns strongly influence public health outcomes in Sierra Leone. During the Ebola outbreak (2014–2016), misinformation and lack of understanding worsened the crisis, and similar challenges have been seen with COVID-19 and Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS). With Mpox cases rising in neighboring countries and increased human–animal interactions, community knowledge is crucial for prevention and outbreak control. Objective: This study aimed to assess the knowledge, perception, and attitudes of the general public toward Mpox infection in Sierra Leone. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional design integrating quantitative and qualitative methods was used. Data were collected from 540 participants across five districts. Quantitative data were analyzed using Statistical Pack-age for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20, with binary logistic regression applied to test associations, while qualitative data underwent thematic analysis. Results: Among the respondents, 74.6% were aware of Mpox, though only 35% correctly identified its transmission routes. About 80% reported health agencies as their primary source of information. Awareness and positive attitudes were higher among younger adults and males compared to older participants and females. Higher education and healthcare training were associated with better knowledge levels. Qualitative findings revealed persistent confusion about symptoms and highlighted stigma, fear, and misinformation, particularly among rural populations, sex workers, and youth, which hindered open discussion. Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of inclusive, community-driven awareness strategies. Engaging religious leaders, chiefs, and elders in sensitization efforts is essential to counter misinformation, reduce stigma, and enhance Mpox prevention in Sierra Leone.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: diseases
  topic: keywords
subject: risk perception
  topic: keywords
subject: Mpox
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulai Alpha Jalloh
creator: Mohamed Boie Jalloh
creator: Patrick Lansana
creator: Foday Sahr
creator: Mohamed Alex Vandi
creator: Harold Thomas
creator: James Sylvester Squire
creator: Laurine Chikodiri Nwosu
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2025-10-12
publication date: 2025-10-12
starting page: 36
ending page: 46
doi: 10.54646/bijgim.2025.29

Amoebic dysentery: challenges and influencing factors
type: item
description: Parasites are biological pathogens whose effects are not limited to bacteria, viruses, and fungi. They infect various living organs of the body, and intestinal parasites, in particular, are widespread worldwide. Among the newly discovered parasites are the Entamoeba genus and the infestation of amoebas. However, the result is useless colonization of the intestine, invasion of the colonic lining, or destruction of stratified tissues, such as the colon and liver, causing amoebiasis. Therefore, amoeba colonies develop as commensal parasites in the intestinal lumen and do not infect humans. Early diagnosis is achieved in a small number of individuals by laboratory examination under a light microscope, but this technique is ineffective at distinguishing between three phenotypically similar amoeba species: E. histolytica, E. dispar, and E. moshicoviskii, due to their close morphological similarity. The most common amoeba species are transmitted by ingesting contaminated food or drinking contaminated, untreated water. Recent human transmission confirms the presence of a special invisibility mechanism for infection. This invisibility has the ability to survive and occur monthly for several days, weeks, or months when moisture is available. The importance of this study is to define the disease and shed light on the history of amoebic dysentery and the factors that have long been determinants of the disease’s spread. The current study sheds light on some of the historical and biological aspects related to amoebic dysentery. It highlights the most important parasitic species causing the disease, the parasite’s life cycle leading to the development of symptoms, and some factors related to virulence.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: E. histolytica
  topic: keywords
subject: biological pathogens
  topic: keywords
subject: amoebiasis
  topic: keywords
subject: diarrhea
  topic: keywords
subject: dysentery
  topic: keywords
creator: Hiba Riyadh Al-Abodi
creator: Ali Jabbar Rashid Kbah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2025-08-22
publication date: 2025-08-22
starting page: 24
ending page: 30
doi: 10.54646/bijgim.2025.27

A rare case of hematohidrosis, hemolacria and epistaxisin an 11-year-old girl
type: item
description: Background: Hematohidrosis is an unusual anomaly in which intact skin allows the excretion of blood, with its origin mostly placed on emotional or physical stress. The pathophysiology of hematohidrosis remains mostly unknown. Autonomic dysfunction, microvascular fragility, and capillary rupture are all proposed hypotheses explaining the mechanism of this disorder. This report describes an 11-year-old girl with simultaneous hematohidrosis, hemolacria, and epistaxis, thus contributing to its knowledge and diagnosis together with differential considerations. Methodology: A retrospective case documentation is done with due permission and informed consent. Clinical details: these were obtained through history-taking and clinical examination. Laboratory workup including complete blood count, coagulation profile, and factor assays. Liver function tests were performed, and a computed tomography (CT) of the brain was done to exclude intracranial pathology. Slit-lamp examination was done for ocular involvement. No therapeutic or follow-up was done—this report serves as a clinical discussion. Results: The patient having irregular intermittent episodes of hematohidrosis, hemolacria, and epistaxis, all hematological, biochemical, and radiological workups were normal with the only exception of mild ethmoid sinusitis and over-pneumatization of the mastoid air cells on CT scan. Conclusion: This case shows diagnostic difficulties because of the absence of systemic abnormalities. Further studies should be performed to identify these biomarkers, neurohormonal influences, and potential treatment options, combining expertise from dermatology, neurology, and psychoneuroimmunology to achieve a clinical objective.
subject: CASE REPORT
  topic: section
subject: hematohidrosis
  topic: keywords
subject: hemolacria
  topic: keywords
subject: pediatric
  topic: keywords
subject: case report
  topic: keywords
subject: diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: management
  topic: keywords
creator: Vettrivel Arul
creator: Gokulakannan Singaram
creator: Gokulraj Ganesan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2025-09-12
publication date: 2025-09-12
starting page: 31
ending page: 35
doi: 10.54646/r4m96186

Assessment of behavioral and social drivers influencingcommunity awareness, knowledge, perception, and attitudestoward human papillomavirus vaccination in Sierra Leone
type: item
description: Understanding community awareness, knowledge, perceptions, and attitudes toward the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine is important for improving vaccination coverage. Limited research exists on the behavioral and social factors influencing HPV vaccine uptake in Sierra Leone. As a result, the study seeks to assess the behavioral and social factors influencing HPV vaccination in Sierra Leone. A convenience sampling approach was used for the selection of the participants at the district and chiefdom level. Data were collected via the KOBO collect tool. A total of 1345 respondents took part in filling out the survey. However, due to missing information, 1231 responses were employed for analysis using Excel software. Virtually all participants in the Eastern, Northern, and Western regions had heard of HPV, with healthcare workers being the primary source of information (49.8%). However, a significant knowledge gap was observed, as most respondents in the four regions could not link HPV to cervical cancer. Concerns about vaccine safety, particularly side effects (39.7%) and fertility issues (28.0%), were prevalent. Despite these concerns, over 75% of respondents expressed a willingness to vaccinate their children, though actual vaccine uptake was low (less than 25% across all regions). Cultural and religious beliefs were found to influence attitudes toward vaccination, with regional variations in the perceived impact of these factors. Although awareness of HPV is high in Sierra Leone, knowledge gaps and misconceptions about the vaccine’s safety and its link to cervical cancer persist. Communication strategies should focus on (a) educating the public about the connection between HPV and cervical cancer and (b) addressing misconceptions about vaccine safety, particularly regarding side effects and fertility. Healthcare workers remain a trusted source of information, but peer influence should also be leveraged to improve vaccine uptake. These findings highlight the need for…
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: cervical cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: human papilloma virus vaccine
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
creator: Abdulai Alpha Jalloh
creator: Mohamed Boie Jalloh
creator: Patrick Lansana
creator: Foday Sahr
creator: Mohamed Alex Vandi
creator: Harold Thomas
creator: James Squire
creator: Laurine Chikodiri Nwosu
creator: Amos Mani Boima
creator: Priscillia Nkem Onyibe
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2025-04-03
publication date: 2025-04-03
starting page: 1
ending page: 9
doi: 10.54646/mbta7490

A comprehensive review on the impacts of mobile healthand its interventions in improving public health
type: item
description: Mobile health (mHealth), wearable technology, telehealth and telemedicine, and customized medicine are some of the subfields that fall under the umbrella of digital health. The use of portable wireless devices to send, store, analyze, and retrieve real-time and non-real-time data between patients and healthcare practitioners is known as mobile health or mHealth. A significant number of clinical and evidence-based research initiatives employ mobile health systems, which are mostly smartphone applications. In addition to providing the population with factual health information, mobile health information supports the messages conveyed by healthcare professionals. This study focuses on the characteristics, benefits, and milestones of mobile health technology and applications in supporting diagnostics and clinical decision-making; apps supporting behavior modification to enhance adherence to prescribed treatment paths; digital therapeutic apps; and apps primarily intended to provide disease-related education are the several categories into which mHealth is discussed.
subject: Review
  topic: section
subject: mhealth
  topic: keywords
subject: mobile health
  topic: keywords
subject: health
  topic: keywords
subject: digital health technology
  topic: keywords
subject: smartphones
  topic: keywords
subject: wearables
  topic: keywords
creator: Kajal Arvind Pradhan
creator: Surbhi Jethava
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2025-05-05
publication date: 2025-05-05
starting page: 10
ending page: 16
doi: 10.54646/bijgim.2025.25

Assessment of health communication strategies in promotingimmunisation uptake among women of a local communityin Nigeria
type: item
description: Brief Background: The importance of effective health communication strategies in the promotion of vaccines and their uptake, especially in disease priority populations, cannot be overemphasised. Objective: The general goal of this study was to examine how health communication strategies can promote immunisation uptake among women of a local community in Niger State, North Central, Nigeria. The specific objectives were to assess the current health communication strategies used in promoting immunisation in the community, evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies in the promotion of vaccine uptake, and the possible factors (if any) that influence the effectiveness of the health communication strategies towards immunisation. Material and Method: The study adopted the survey research design and used a structured questionnaire in data gathering. The study’s population comprised 400 residents of Lapai, local government area of Niger State particularly women. Taro Yamane sample size calculation formula was used to get the sample size, while descriptive statistics were used as the method of data analysis. Results: Findings revealed that respondents were frequently exposed to vaccination advertisements via the traditional media of radio and television, as messages encouraging immunisation and vaccine uptake were made culturally relevant to the people. Conclusions: The study, therefore, concludes on the need to improve more in education while encouraging social support network strategies in engaging younger populations towards taking up immunisation against vaccine-preventable diseases.
subject: Research
  topic: section
subject: health communication
  topic: keywords
subject: immunisation
  topic: keywords
subject: strategies
  topic: keywords
subject: assessment
  topic: keywords
subject: promotion
  topic: keywords
subject: local community
  topic: keywords
subject: women
  topic: keywords
subject: Nigeria
  topic: keywords
creator: Andrew Hyacinth Ngene
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 BOHR International Journal of General and Internal Medicine
date: 2025-08-03
publication date: 2025-08-03
starting page: 17
ending page: 23
doi: 10.54646/bijgim.2025.26

Mechanochemistry’s Role in Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Development: A Review
type: item
description: As a greener method of preparing molecules, mechanochemistry has recently been identified as an ideal strategy for preparing diverse molecules. It is becoming a valuable synthetic tool for multiple fields (e.g., physics, chemistry, and materials science) because it can be performed without solvents or with minimal solvents (catalytic quantities). The use of sustainable methods has been beneficial to several fields of chemistry, including pharmaceuticals, fertilizers, catalysis, organic synthesis, preparation of medicinal solid forms, synthesis of metal complexes, etc. Pharmaceutical and pharmaceutical chemistry will likely be significantly impacted by these developments in medicinal mechanochemistry. Due to their reactivity and materials, they provide materials that are hard to extract from a solution or are not possible. Nevertheless, these technologies could provide the pharmaceutical sector safer, cleaner, and more effective synthetic solutions. The importance of mechanochemical processes in the creation of pharmaceutical cocrystals, especially Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), is discussed in this article.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mechanochemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: Solvent-free
  topic: keywords
subject: Cocrystal
  topic: keywords
subject: NSAIDs
  topic: keywords
subject: Pharmaceutical
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohammad Alrbaihat
creator: Ehab AlShamaileh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/sm5p9774

Peter’s Anomaly Type 2 with Cataract
type: item
description: Purpose: This study aims to report a case of Peter’s anomaly. Case report: A 18-years-old male came with complaints of white reflexes in the right eye, which had been slowly enlarging since birth and no vision in the left eye. On examination, the visual acuity of his right was 6/36 with no light perception in his left eye. slit lamp examination in his right eye revealed nystagmus, micro-cornea, corneal opacification, cataract with cornea lenticular adhesion, and no cornea developed in his left eye. The patient was diagnosed with Peter’s anomaly type 2. The patient underwent cataract surgery with intraocular lens implantation and his postoperative best corrected visual acuity was 6/24. Conclusion: Peter’s anomaly is a rare disorder with anterior segment malformation where the visual outcome is poor.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Corneal opacification
  topic: keywords
subject: Cornea lenticular adhesion
  topic: keywords
subject: Peter’s anomaly
  topic: keywords
creator: Sarmin Akter Nipa
creator: Sujit Kumar Biswas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/0masxg89

Fetus in Feto: A Case Study with Explanation
type: item
description: A 13 year boy was operated (exploratory laparotomy) for unexplained pain abdomen and a live fetus was found attached to left kidney. It was explained to be a case of identical twin. In twins, the placental capillaries anastomose very intricately so that one fetus may draw more blood resulting to deprivation of blood supply to other fetus who may end up to no supply later. But it did not kill the deprived fetus, but remain arrested in the erstwhile embryonic stage. While remaining in extraperitoneal space the deprived fetus is joined by herniated intestines of healthy fetus in physiological hernia. Later when intestines return to abdominal cavity (by creating extra space in abdomen) of heathy fetus the stunted fetus accompany intestines and managed to reach within abdominal cavity of healthy baby.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fetus in Feto
  topic: keywords
subject: Identical Twins
  topic: keywords
subject: Gametogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Zona Pellucida
  topic: keywords
subject: Monochorionic monoamniotic twins
  topic: keywords
subject: Twin to twin transfusion syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Physiological hernia
  topic: keywords
creator: Atindra Nath Datta
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/8s3wyq36

A Case of Covaxin-Induced Focal Sclerosing Glomerulonephritis (Collapsing Variety)
type: item
description: We report on the development of focal glomerular segmental sclerosis FSGS (collapsing variety) with nephritic symptoms immediately after receiving the first injection of the Covaxin COVID-19 vaccination and acute kidney damage (AKI) (Bharat-Biotech). A 45-year-old lady who had previously been healthy was taken to a hospital outside of the city after developing a headache and pedal edoema. She had gotten the first shot of the immunisation 10 days ago. She experienced bilateral lower limb edoema 4 days following the injection, which turned into anasarca over time. At her admission, UPCR was 7.2 and serum creatinine was 0.9 mg/dl. Over the following days, kidney function continued to deteriorate, and serum creatinine rose to 3.2 mg/dl. The patient was sent to our institution for a kidney biopsy after an abdominal ultrasound revealed normal-sized bilateral kidneys. After doing a kidney biopsy, the results were consistent with FSGS. MCD, IgA nephropathy, and anti-GBM are only a few examples of the diverse glomerulonephritis. Several m-RNA vaccinations have been associated with nephritis in the past, but not the Covaxin COVID-19 vaccine. At this point, the correlation between the immunisation and FSGS is temporal, by exclusion, and in no way clearly established. To assess the actual prevalence of this potential vaccination adverse effect, we must wait for more reports of instances that are comparable to those already reported.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: nephrotic syndrome (NS)
  topic: keywords
subject: acute kidney injury (AKI)
  topic: keywords
subject: coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19)
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19 vaccine
  topic: keywords
subject: focal segmental glomerular segmental sclerosis FSGS (collapsing variety) (FSGS)
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohit Mahajan
creator: Shraddha Goswami
creator: Naresh Pahwa
creator: Vijay Malviya
creator: Vishnu Shukla
creator: Trishla Chhabra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/rwbgac42

Copeptin: A Novel Marker for Diagnosis and Prognosis of Various Diseases Associated With Diabetes
type: item
description: Copeptin is an arginine vasopressin (AVP) precursor whose C-terminal has evolved into 39 amino acids. This AVP precursor is converted into equimolar amounts of Copeptin, neurophysin II, and AVP. a strong connection between the release of AVP and copeptin was observed. Measurement of AVP concentration remains complicated since AVP is an unstable peptide and additionally it is bound by platelets. Copeptin remains stable in serum or plasma for several days in a warm environment. and testing for copeptin yields findings in one h. Consequently, the quantity of copeptin might serve as a perfect replacement for reflecting the level of AVP. Copeptin has become identified as a beneficial measure in various diseases. The physiology and structure of copeptin, as well as its potential, to act as a predictive and diagnostic indicator of different diseases associated with diabetes is the goal of the current review.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Arginine vasopressin
  topic: keywords
subject: copeptin
  topic: keywords
subject: diabetes insipidus
  topic: keywords
subject: diabetes mellitus
  topic: keywords
subject: metabolic syndrome
  topic: keywords
creator: Randa Salah Gomaa
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/nw7sns68

A Review of Childhood Ocular, Orbital, and Surface Tumors With Updated Clinical Management
type: item
description: Childhood tumor is differs from adult tumor but has a wide range varieties in types and presentation due to its origin from different embryogenic layers. As Pediatric patients mostly depend on their parents or caregivers for seeking medical attention, many ocular tumor present with unnecessary delay. Most childhood ocular tumors are benign, but there are also life threatening tumors. In this study, a variety of intraocular, orbital and surface tumors are reviewed with their key sign of diagnosis and current treatment modalities. Though most of these tumor present at tertiary eye hospitals, the overall knowledge about these tumors can help ophthalmologists in diagnosis and proper referral.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Childhood tumor
  topic: keywords
subject: retinoblastoma
  topic: keywords
subject: rhabdomyosarcoma
  topic: keywords
subject: dermoid cyst
  topic: keywords
subject: conjunctival nevus
  topic: keywords
creator: Soma Rani Roy
creator: Fahmida Huque
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/cd2cfx65

The Drastic Consequence of COVID-19 Among the Population of Iran
type: item
description: The word (SARS) abbreviated “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome” has been related to the Coronavirus-2 and is considered to be the major causes of COVID-19. People are dying as a result of a severe infection. A booster dose is applicable to boot the host body immunity against omicrons attacks. No especial precaution is needed to do except those which were already done for covid virus. The herd immunity against covid was developed cannot be developed against omicron. The booster vaccination will only reduce the infection severity but it will not completely destroy the infection in the body. This omicron virus has the ability to quickly elucidate from host immunity by creating mutation in its behavior that host immunity becomes unable to recognize the antigen (omicron) inside the body.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran
  topic: keywords
subject: mortality rate
  topic: keywords
subject: economic pressure
  topic: keywords
creator: Samreen Riaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/4hhjd935

Joints in Scleroderma: Hydroxyapatite Disease
type: item
description: We report an inflammatory mechanism of joint damage in systemic sclerosis (SS) associated with hydroxyapatite (HA) deposits. This is an unusual asymptomatic case with an unusual localization of severe metatarsal–phalangeal joint disease. The patient had no hyperuricemia. We review the literature about HA deposit disease and discuss variable joint involvement in SS.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Scleroderma
  topic: keywords
subject: hydroxyapatite crystals
  topic: keywords
subject: joints
  topic: keywords
creator: Rozin Alexander
creator: Daood Rula
creator: Balbir-Gurman Alexandra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/17mpe418

The Impact of Age on Activity Index and Patient Reported Outcomes in Patients with Sjogren’s Syndrome
type: item
description: Sicca symptoms, such as xerostomia and xerophthalmia are prevalent in geriatric patients and are correlated to exhaustion and low quality of life. Sjögren's syndrome (SS), an autoimmune disorder characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine glands, also exhibits xerostomia and xerophthalmia as a main feature. In clinical practice, tools exist to assess disease activity and severity of the symptoms of Sjögren's: the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (ESSDAI) and the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (ESSPRI) respectively. This study's objective is to assess the disease activity and complaints in a cohort of sicca syndrome patients, with an emphasis on senior individuals in particular. A cross-sectional investigation of 45 adult patients with a clinical diagnosis of sicca syndrome was conducted, comparing geriatric (> 65 years old; n=23) versus non-geriatric (n=22) subgroups with respect to demographic and clinical data, classification criteria fulfillment, disease activity and symptom burden. Between the two age groups, no statistically significant differences were found regarding disease duration, immunological and histological features, or disease activity, with overall low ESSDAI values. Symptom burden was relevant, expressed by high ESSPRI values. Drugs that could worsen sicca symptoms were frequently prescribed, mainly antidepressants. Symptom burden is significant in our cohort of SS patients. Unexpectedly, ESSPRI values were similar in both groups, despite the higher expected prevalence of sicca complaints in a geriatric population. Even in people with a mild illness, management of symptoms may be challenging and special attention is needed in geriatric population.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Sjogren’s syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: xerostomia
  topic: keywords
subject: xerophthalmia
  topic: keywords
subject: geriatrics
  topic: keywords
subject: aging
  topic: keywords
creator: Anna V. Taulaigo
creator: Ines Rego de Figueiredo
creator: Sara Guerreiro Castro
creator: Madalena Vicente
creator: Melissa Fernandes
creator: Maria Francisca Moraes-Fontes
creator: Heidi Gruner
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/93x1gh12

The Study of Clinical Profile of Acute Kidney Injury in COVID-19 Patients
type: item
description: Aim: All prior studies have demonstrated that acute renal damage in People who have the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) are often diagnosed and have a dismal prognosis. Acute renal injury in COVID-19 patients has not been well reported in developing countries like India. Examining the clinical traits, biochemistry, and prognosis of acute kidney injury (AKI) in COVID-19 patients is the aim of this article. Methods: - The Department of Nephrology at the Sri Aurobindo Medical College and Graduate Institute (M.P.) in Indore, India, conducted this study from April 1, 2020, to January 31, 2021. We examined 130 COVID-19 cases of AKI recorded by SAMC & PGI in Indore. Included 18-year-old and older COVID-19 patients verified by real-time reverse polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The term "sepsis" was employed in its conventional sense. The Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines of AKI were adhered to. Patients under the age of 18 undergoing renal replacement therapy for CKD in stages I to IV and ESRD were not eligible. Results – A total of 12,438 COVID patients were admitted to our hospital during this period. The incidence of AKI was 1.04% (130). The mean age was 51.2 years. The male-to-female ratio was 1.4:1 (76:54). Commonest symptoms were fever in 71.5% (93) of patients, headache in 62% (81) of patients, and cough in 51.5% (67) of patients, followed by breathlessness in 37.5% (49) patients. The typical creatinine values at the time of admission were were 3.57 mg/dl. AKI stage 1 was seen in 30% (39) cases, stage 2 in 45.5% (59) cases, and stage 3 in 24.5% (32) cases. The most common aetiology was sepsis in 65% (84) and drugs in 14% (18). T2DM was the most common comorbidity in 42% (55) of patients, HTN in 41.5% (54) of patients,Coronary Artery Disease( CAD) in 9.2% (12) of patients, and malignancy in 5% (7) of patients. Oxygen by nasal mask/nasal prongs was required in 59% (77) of patients, BIPAP in 16% (21) of patients, and ventilatory suppo…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: AKI – Acute kidney injury
  topic: keywords
subject: CKD – Chronic kidney disease
  topic: keywords
subject: ESRD – end-stage renal disease
  topic: keywords
subject: SOFA – sequential organ failure assessment
  topic: keywords
creator: Mohit Mahajan
creator: Shraddha Goswami
creator: Naresh Pahwa
creator: Vijay Malviya
creator: Vishnu Shukla
creator: Trishala Chhabra
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/7dhn9m87

The impact of healthcare service quality dimensions on patient satisfaction: a case study of Ganta United Methodist Hospital, Liberia
type: item
description: Patient satisfaction is an important measure of healthcare service quality and influences the overall effectiveness of healthcare systems. This study aims to evaluate the relationship between various dimensions of healthcare service quality and patient satisfaction. The dimensions include Tangibility, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. A convenient sampling technique was employed. Data were collected via questionnaire distribution to people who have received services at the Ganta United Methodist Hospital. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed. However, due to missing information, 381 valid responses were employed for analysis using the Statistical Program for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Factor analysis was conducted for testing validity and reliability was carried out on the valid items to generate Cronbach’s alpha values. Correlation and regression analysis were conducted on the constructs of interest. The findings revealed a satisfaction level below average among respondents. A positive association and a significant impact of the service quality dimensions on patient satisfaction were also revealed. It is recommended that the hospital management implement strategies to enhance these dimensions and patient overall satisfaction, which include providing training for all members of staff on communication skills, providing an environment that is easily assessable, and paying keen attention to patient feedback to create room for continuous improvement.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: healthcare quality
  topic: keywords
subject: patient satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: quality improvement
  topic: keywords
subject: service delivery
  topic: keywords
subject: service quality dimensions
  topic: keywords
creator: Cyrus Younquoi
creator: Abdulai Jalloh
creator: Precillia Onyibe
creator: Laurine Nwosu
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/bfwva728

Current Concepts in the Pathogenesis and Management of Coronary No-Reflow Phenomenon
type: item
description: Epicardial coronary arteries are the subject of the majority of research attention and treatment techniques. This is because interventional cardiologists focus on relieving the obstructions in epicardial coronary arteries which are easily seen on angiography. On the contrary, the coronary microvasculature receives less attention. The heart microvasculature, which consists of capillaries and arterioles, is negatively affected when the epicardial coronary artery becomes blocked. When the occlusion is relieved, sometimes the blood ﬂow to the ischemic tissue still remains impeded, a phenomenon known as no-reﬂow. This review article aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the pathophysiology and management strategies needed to tackle this life-threatening phenomenon.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Coronary No-Reflow
  topic: keywords
subject: Pathogenesis
  topic: keywords
subject: Management
  topic: keywords
creator: Kunal Mahajan
creator: Ashu Gupta
creator: Hibu Habung
creator: Navdeep Kaur
creator: Aditya Batra
creator: Anshul Gupta
creator: Mridul Doomra
creator: Priyanka Thakur
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/9prwxn71

Characterization and maintenance of hospital equipment: a case study on the institute of molecular medicine João Lobo Antunes
type: item
description: The objective of this study was to conduct a study on the characterization and maintenance of equipment in a hospital environment and apply it in the case study conducted as part of an internship at the Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes (iMM), with a duration of 11 months. This work contributed to the identification of improvements to be applied in the Safety and Compliance Department, in the maintenance, calibration, and monitoring of medical-hospital equipment (MHE), to improve their reliability and efficiency, the reduction of costs and downtime, and the probability risk to the patient, engineer, or user associated with the equipment. Materials and methods: This is an MHE study of the iMM, also monitoring the maintenance and calibration of different equipment by technicians and engineers responsible internally and externally. Discussion and Practical Results: A maintenance software for the iMM was chosen to help the institute to have all the equipment information in a more organized way. Monitoring of some iMM equipment was conducted. Conclusion: It was found that the safety of patients, engineers, or users who manage MHE is an extremely principal factor. For this factor not to be harmed, constant monitoring, maintenance, and calibration of the equipment are necessary, ensuring the safety of the user and their proper functioning.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: medical-hospital equipment (MHE)
  topic: keywords
subject: Maintenance
  topic: keywords
subject: Calibration
  topic: keywords
subject: Monitoring
  topic: keywords
subject: Safety
  topic: keywords
creator: N. Domingues
creator: S. Santos
creator: A. Serafim
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/5thtfh16

Designing of automated paralysis patient healthcare system
type: item
description: We come across hospitals and non-profit organizations that care for people with paralysis who have had all or part of their body incapacitated by the paralysis attack. Due to a lack of motor control by their brain, these individuals are typically unable to communicate their requirements because they are neither able to speak clearly nor use sign language. In such a circumstance, we suggest a system that enables a disabled person to display a message over the liquid crystal display (LCD) screen by merely moving any part of his or her body that is capable of motion. This solution also addresses the circumstance where the patient is alone and no one is available to care for him or her, sending an Internet of things (IoT) message instead of a short messaging service (SMS). The system operates by interpreting the user part’s tilt direction. By grasping the device in the fingers of the moving hand, the device’s operation is demonstrated. To communicate a message, the user only needs to tilt the gadget at a specific angle. The message is conveyed differently depending on the way the gadget is tilted. Here, the statistics of motion are measured using an accelerometer. This information is then transmitted to a microcontroller. The microcontroller analyzes the data and displays the specific message in accordance with the input received. The associated message is now shown on the LCD screen by the microcontroller. As soon as it receives a motion signal from the accelerometer, it also emits a siren and a message. If no one was available to respond to the message on the LCD, then the patient might opt to tilt the device for an additional period of time, which would cause an SMS to be sent via IoT to the patient’s registered caretaker with the message the patient wishes to communicate.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: paralysis patient
  topic: keywords
subject: healthcare system
  topic: keywords
subject: IoT
  topic: keywords
creator: S. Kirubanandan
creator: K. Nandhini
creator: N. Naveena
creator: B. Preethi
creator: D. Suruthi
creator: S. Gladson
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-02
publication date: 2025-12-02
doi: 10.54646/x7e7tv04

Evaluation of factors influencing physician–patient communication in healthcare service delivery
type: item
description: Physician–patient communication has received less focus in the study of healthcare service delivery in Nigeria. The majority of communication relies on message delivery rather than interpersonal communication. Even when doctors have significant knowledge to share with their patients, they frequently lack the interpersonal communication skills required to do it successfully. This quantitative study employed the analysis of 150 valid responses from practicing physicians in Lagos state. Descriptive statistics were carried out to understand the factors influencing physician–patient communication. The results revealed good communication skills among physicians as they agreed to have social conversations with patients, listen intently to them, and promote question-asking. The responses from the survey also revealed that factors such as limited consultation time and unfavorable working environments could negatively impact physician–patient communication. Furthermore, the test hypothesis revealed a significant correlation between physicians’ age and gender (p < 0.05), whereas physicians’ ethnicity and religion had non-significant associations. The evaluation of factors influencing physician–patient communication revealed that several individual and contextual factors contribute to effective communication, including physician communication skills, patient health literacy, and system-level factors such as time constraints and workload. Healthcare organizations and policymakers should prioritize efforts to improve physician–patient communication by addressing the identified factors that influence communication and implementing evidence-based interventions to enhance communication between physicians and patients.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: communication skills
  topic: keywords
subject: patients
  topic: keywords
subject: physicians
  topic: keywords
subject: interpersonal communication
  topic: keywords
subject: socio-demographics
  topic: keywords
creator: Great Iruoghene Edo
creator: Laurine Chikodiri Nwosu
creator: Mehmet Yesiltas
creator: Endurance Agoh
creator: Rashidat Adelola Lawal
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.54646/wc1r0d57

Effectiveness of retro walking on knee proprioception after knee injury
type: item
description: Background: Knee injuries are frequent and can significantly affect a person’s functionality and capacity to carry out regular tasks. Only two of the many components that support the equilibrium of the knee joint are ligaments and supporting structures. Direct or indirect trauma can cause ligament injuries that result in instability, and sports and physical activity put the knee joint at a higher risk for injury. Proprioception, the body’s ability to recognize its location in space, is crucial for preserving balance and coordinating motions. Walking is a fundamental action that may be employed for rehabilitation, both forward and backward. The aim of the study is to investigate how retro walking after a knee injury affects knee proprioception. Finding out how retro walking impacts knee health is one of the objectives. The objectives include comparing the experimental group’s findings to those of a control group and determining how retro walking affects knee proprioception. Retro walking increases knee proprioception as well as the neuromuscular and muscular systems, which may make rehabilitation programs for those with knee injuries more effective. Objective: The study’s objective is to evaluate how retro walking after a knee injury affects knee proprioception. The objectives include comparing the experimental group’s findings to those of a control group and determining how retro walking affects knee proprioception. Retro walking increases knee proprioception as well as the neuromuscular and muscular systems, which may make rehabilitation programs for those with knee injuries more effective. Method: 24 injured individuals (men and women) participated in this experimental investigation. They were split into two groups of 14, the control group, and the experimental group, obtaining everyone’s approval after having informed them. The knee injury and osteoarthritis scale (KOOS), star excursion balancing test, and joint position sense are employed as outcome measures. Pr…
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: KOOS – knee injury and osteoarthritis scale
  topic: keywords
subject: SEBT – star excursion balance tes
  topic: keywords
subject: JPS – joint position sense
  topic: keywords
subject: ligaments
  topic: keywords
subject: proprioception
  topic: keywords
creator: R. Rejeesh Kumar
creator: Jasmin Nisamudeen
creator: K. S. Sharad
creator: Arjun R. Krishnan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.54646/sbgj0x45

Knowledge, attitude, and practices of high-blood-pressure patients attended at Mutare city clinics in Manicaland province in 2022–2023
type: item
description: Objective: The low socioeconomic status of Mutare city patients, shortage of medical staff, and lack of supported hypertension programs expose clients to poor or lack of counseling services; hence, the present study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practices among those hypertensive patients. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional correlational investigation was conducted to find the amount of knowledge about hypertension on hypertensive clients and the association between hypertension knowledge and good blood pressure management. All the hypertensive patients who were diagnosed at least 2 months prior to the study were included. A sample of 88 participants was used for this study. Convenience quota sampling was used where every clinic out of the 8 clinics should have supplied 11 hypertensive clients. Data were collected using a structured interviewer administered questionnaire. Logistics regression analysis was done, and odds ratio was used to assess the relationship of variables. The statistical level of significance was set at P < 0.05. Discussion and results: A total of 80% of the participants were concluded to have good hypertension knowledge. Those who had at least a discussion with a health worker were 9.31 (p-value 0.005) folds more prone to reflect good knowledge than patients who never had a discussion about hypertension. Those who were 50 years and above were less likely to possess good knowledge in comparison to clients below 50 years of age (odds ratio 0.21, P-value 0.049). Conclusion: There is a wrong belief of hypertensive medication causing diabetes, being addictive and traditional, with herbal medicines being cure to hypertension, and those with well-controlled blood pressure were found to have poorer knowledge compared to those with poorly controlled blood pressures.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: uncontrolled hypertension
  topic: keywords
subject: low socioeconomic status
  topic: keywords
subject: Mutare
  topic: keywords
creator: Tafadzwa Mushamba
creator: Maibouge Tanko Mahamane Salissou
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.54646/td8ce559

Mental health of Indian young adults during COVID-19
type: item
description: Hurler syndrome is also known as MPH I. A hereditary sickness of the lysosome is a result of a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which breaks down glycosaminoglycans (GAG or mucopolysaccharides). As a result, tissue harm from dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate worsens over time until death. Umbilical hernias are ventral hernias that arise at or across the umbilicus. This situation of a case report describes the surgical treatment of an umbilical hernia in a 4-year-old pediatric patient, a known case of Hurler syndrome. The patient received treatment for an umbilical hernia, a confirmatory test was performed for Hurler syndrome, and the only patient complaint related to it—corneal clouding—was treated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: anxiety
  topic: keywords
subject: depression
  topic: keywords
subject: survey
  topic: keywords
subject: youth
  topic: keywords
subject: COVID-19
  topic: keywords
creator: Manish Kumar Asthana
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.54646/wvbpbr47

A rare case report on Hurler syndrome with umbilical hernia
type: item
description: Hurler syndrome is also known as MPH I. A hereditary sickness of the lysosome is a result of a deficiency in the enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase, which breaks down glycosaminoglycans (GAG or mucopolysaccharides). As a result, tissue harm from dermatan sulfate and heparin sulfate worsens over time until death. Umbilical hernias are ventral hernias that arise at or across the umbilicus. This situation of a case report describes the surgical treatment of an umbilical hernia in a 4-year-old pediatric patient, a known case of Hurler syndrome. The patient received treatment for an umbilical hernia, a confirmatory test was performed for Hurler syndrome, and the only patient complaint related to it—corneal clouding—was treated.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hurler syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: alpha-L-iduronidase
  topic: keywords
subject: mucopolysaccharidosis
  topic: keywords
subject: umbilical hernia
  topic: keywords
creator: R. Shivan
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.54646/32kjmd14

Ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum associated with popliteal pterygium syndrome: A case report
type: item
description: Aim: To report a patient of ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum along with popliteal pterygium. Case report: A five-month-old girl presented with bilateral ankyloblepharon, cleft lip, cleft palate, bilateral syngnathia, popliteal pterygium in both lower limbs, syndactyly in the right foot, and genital anomalies. Ankyloblepharon was released for proper vision. Conclusion: Popliteal pterygium syndrome presented with ankyloblepharon is filiforme adnatum; may present to an ophthalmologist in delay but prompt action is needed for good vision.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: ankyloblepharon filiforme adnatum
  topic: keywords
subject: popliteal pterygium
  topic: keywords
subject: cleft lip
  topic: keywords
subject: cleft palate
  topic: keywords
subject: genital abnormality
  topic: keywords
subject: syndactyly
  topic: keywords
creator: Soma Rani Roy
rights: Copyright (c) 2023 kmed Journal
date: 2025-12-01
publication date: 2025-12-01
doi: 10.54646/9q9kgc36