All authors must disclose any financial or non-financial conflicts of interest that could be perceived to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. This includes, but is not limited to:

• Financial interests: Employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patents or patent applications, grants or other funding
• Non-financial interests: Personal relationships, academic competition, intellectual passion or conviction, membership in advocacy organisations

Conflicts of interest must be declared both in the manuscript (in a dedicated Conflicts of Interest statement) and on the submission form. If there are no conflicts, this must be stated explicitly: "The authors declare no conflicts of interest."

All sources of funding for the research must be disclosed in the manuscript, including grant numbers where applicable. Authors must describe the role (if any) of the funding source in study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, writing of the manuscript, and the decision to submit for publication.

If the funder had no role in the study, this should be stated explicitly.

Reviewers must declare any conflicts of interest before agreeing to review a manuscript. Conflicts include:

• Personal relationships with the authors
• Recent or current collaboration with the authors
• Employment at the same institution
• Financial interests in the research or its outcomes
• Strong intellectual bias for or against the research

Reviewers must decline to review if a conflict of interest exists.

As outlined in Section 1.4, editors must recuse themselves from handling manuscripts in which they have a conflict of interest. The editorial office maintains records of all editorial recusals for transparency and accountability.

Note: These policies are subject to periodic review and update. Authors, reviewers, and readers should check this page for the most current version. Material changes to policies will be announced via the journal website and communicated to registered users. For questions or clarifications about any policy, please contact the editorial office at support@kmedjournals.com.